JOST'S LAW 约斯特定律

原文：Jost's Law

Jost's Law (or The First Jost's Law) was proposed by Adolph Jost in 1897 and says that if two associations are of equal strength but of different age, a new repetition has a greater value for the older one.

约斯特定律（或「约斯特第一定律」）是由阿道夫 · 约斯特（Adolph Jost）在 1897 年提出的，他说：「如果两个联想的强度相同但年龄不同，新的重复对年龄较大的联想有更高的价值」。

This little known law was inspired by the work of Ebbinghaus of 12 years earlier (1885). It is a different formulation of the concept of the spacing effect. It also has deep implication as one of the earliest realizations of the existence of two components of long-term memory.

这个鲜为人知的定律是受艾宾浩斯 12 年前（1885 年）的工作启发。它是间隔效应^[1]概念的不同表述。作为最早意识到长期记忆的两个组分^[2]的存在之一，它也有着深刻的含义。

The Second Jost's Law completes the picture by stating: Given two associations of equal strength, the older will decrease less with the passage of time.

「约斯特第二定律」完善了这幅图景：「给定两个强度相同的联想，年龄较大的联想强度降低得更慢」。

In 1966, Herbert Simon observed that exponential forgetting quarrels with the Jost's Law and predicted that some form of overlearning must occur. Today we know that this overlearning has the form of memory stability and is achieved by spaced repetition.

1966 年，赫伯特 · 西蒙（Herbert Simon）观察到指数遗忘反对约斯特定律，并预测一定会发生某种形式的额外学习。今天我们知道，这种额外学习的形式是记忆稳定性，并且是通过间隔重复^[3]实现。

The two component model uses the terms stability and retrievability, Robert Bjork uses storage strength and retrieval strength, Jost used strength and age. The reference to time is interesting because retrievability is arguably best expressed as a measure of time.

双组分模型^[2]使用了稳定性和可提取性两个术语，罗伯特 · 比约克（Robert Bjork）使用了存储强度和提取强度，约斯特使用了强度和年龄。对时间的引用很有意思，因为可提取性可以最好地表示为时间的度量。

Retrievability defined as probability of recall in reference to atomic memories may be counter-intuitive.

在提到原子记忆时可提取性被定义为回忆的概率，可能是反直觉的。

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